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What effect does shot have on the surface of the workpiece?
发布时间:
2026-07-31
When the shot blasting machine is in operation, the shot impacts the surface of
When the shot blasting machine is in operation, the shot impacts the surface of the workpiece at high speed, generating various physical and mechanical effects. The main influences include the improvement of surface cleanliness, changes in roughness, the enhancement of stress state, the maintenance of surface integrity, and potential negative impacts.
Surface cleanliness improvement:
Shot blasting can effectively remove impurities such as oxide scale, rust, oil stains and old coatings on the surface of workpieces, preventing these contaminants from causing subsequent coating bubbling or peeling. At the same time, compared with chemical processes (such as acid washing), shot blasting has no risk of chemical residues and improves surface purity.
Surface roughness change:
Shot blasting forms a uniform concave-convex structure on the metal surface, and the roughness value (such as Ra, which is usually 2.5 to 12.5μm) increases. This enhances the adhesion of the coating by increasing the mechanical interlocking effect. However, the roughness needs to be controlled within a reasonable range (for instance, when Ra15μm, it may lead to uneven paint film). The specific value is affected by the particle size, hardness, impact speed of the shot and the material properties of the workpiece. For example, large-grained steel shots, due to their large impact kinetic energy, are prone to deepen the bullet marks, resulting in an increase in roughness.
Stress state improvement:
The shot impact introduces a residual compressive stress layer, with a depth of up to 0.25mm (the limit is approximately 1mm), and the stress value can reach 60% of the material's tensile strength, thereby enhancing the fatigue strength and wear resistance of the workpiece and reducing the risk of deformation or cracking caused by residual stress from welding or machining.
Surface integrity maintenance:
The shot blasting process of the shot blasting machine can eliminate surface microscopic defects (such as processing burrs), and freshen the metal lattice to enhance surface energy and improve the wettability of the coating. However, improper process parameters (such as excessive shot peening) may cause stress concentration due to deep craters, weakening the strengthening effect. Thin-walled parts may also undergo slight deformation due to impact force.
Potential negative impacts and control:
Mainly include dust residue, excessive roughness or moisture absorption risks. After shot blasting, the surface should be cleaned of dust in a timely manner and the environmental humidity should be controlled of the shot blasting machine. It is recommended to complete the subsequent coating within 4 to 6 hours. At the same time, the cleaning efficiency and surface quality should be balanced by optimizing the shot size gradation, coverage rate (such as reaching over 98%) and shot blasting time (avoid being too long).
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